Octavius Misunderstanding of Teamwork with Julius Ceasar

What is teamwork? Teamwork is a group of people working together effectively and efficiently to achieve a common goal. To me, I don’t think that Octavius understood the role of teamwork or team play. He sometimes made sure it was only about him and nobody else. What was the cause of Octaviuss reaction, what triggered his emotions? Octavius, also known as Augustus, is the adopted son of Julius Caesar. Julius Ceasar was killed because many people were threatened by his power and being crowned the king of Rome. Octavius was the biological son of Gaius Octavius. Gaius was married to the daughter of Julia Caesar who happened to be the sister of the great Julius Ceasar. His father ended up dying only when he was four years old, and he ended up being adopted by Julius Caesar. After Julius was killed Octavius, Lepidus, and Mark Antony planned on fighting Brutus and Cassius to take over the Roman Empire. Brutus and Cassius plotted to kill and Caesar and take over the Rome. After they killed Caesar, many Romans were upset with the situation at the capitol. Octavius isn’t present during the funeral of Caesar; Antony is on the other hand, and Brutus decides to let him speak at the funeral. Being a dumb decision on Brutus’s, Antony goes up and starts speaking the crowd and eventually turns the whole crowd aga inst the two villains. After Caesar has died, Rome immediately goes into war with itself, and is breaking the country apart. I feel that Octavius is trying to rule the country

Meditation on Yellow by Olive Senior - 628 Words

Meditation on Yellow Olive Senior is a Jamaican poet who explores Caribbean history. Her poetry often conveys her displeasure of colonization and the suffering Caribbean people endured. Meditation on Yellow explores the colonization and exploitation process carried out by the Europeans. This poem strong conveys Senior discontentment as it relates to the exploitation of the land and the Amerindian tribe. It through the use of symbolism, language and repetition the brutality of colonization is conveyed. Symbolism is used to portray the harsh reality of colonization. In Meditation on Yellow yellow is symbolic of the innocence of the Amerindians and the purity in their mind and soul upon encountering the Whites.†¦show more content†¦The striking, crude comparison stresses the need for equality and for readers to take note. Furthermore Olive Senior educates us that these Amerindian displayed passive resistance as they deliberately burnt the bread of the Europeans since they we treated bad ly. The phrase for which management apologizes certainly indicates they there was no remorse or sorry for these actions. The use of sarcasm highlight Senior s hatred towards the colonization process and her view on the Europeans. Repetition is also used to place emphasis on the greedy and materialistic nature of the Europeans. This type of repetition is known as anaphora. The line but it was gold in your mind gold in your eyes gold in the crown .. gold the prize highlights the obsession these Europeans had with gold and their gluttonous nature. Moreover, their unreasonable wants and desires are also highlighted through repetition. This is noted in the line want it strong wan it long want it black want it black want it green want it dread. Additionally there was repetition in the in line silver was you armor silver the cross of your Lord ... silver the bullet I bite... This repetition emphasizes the many different forms of silver and the destruction that the silver symbolizes . The silver was representative of Iron AgeShow MoreRelatedOlive Senior2649 Words   |  11 PagesPersonal Information Born Olive Marjorie Senior on December 23, 1941, in Jamaica; immigrated to Canada, 1991. Education: Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada), B.S., journalism, 1967. Career Daily Gleaner newspaper, Jamaica, reporter and sub-editor; Jamaica Information Service, information officer, 1967-69; Jamaica Chamber of Commerce, public relations officer, 1969-71; JCC Journal, editor, 1969-71; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Jamaica, publicationsRead MoreEssay about Children’s Literature in Jamaica4155 Words   |  17 Pagesand blessed thing,; but love can be neither hurried nor forced. This is the quote that stands above Olive Senior’s short story entitled, Bright Thursdays. In the Anancy Stories, the problems the main character faced throughout many of his struggles were problems that were coated with adventure and laughter. The candy-coated presentation of the traditional Jamaican folklore is absent in Olive Senior’s, Bright Thursdays. Senior’s story is directed toward young adolescents, particularly youngRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 Pagestables, with fairy wine and dishes. You could see Golden pills and pearl pellets, Bursting red and plump yellow. The golden pills and pearl pellets were winter cherries, beautiful and sweet; The bursting red and plump yellow were ripe plums, tasty and sharp. Fresh, sweet−fleshed longans with thin skins. Fiery lichees with tiny stones in a red sack. Branch after branch of crab−apples, Yellow−skinned loquats with their leaves on. Rabbit−head pears and chicken−heart jujubes To quench your thirst

Corporate Philanthropy The Motivations of Corporate

Question: Describe about the Corporate Philanthropy for The Motivations of Corporate. Answer: We the human beings (the most intelligent living being of the planet) live together in this world which we call as society. What all we do is for the betterment of the society which in turn gives us a quality life. For this firstly we need to have love for the mankind, which in Greek word, termed as Philanthropy. In modern concept philanthropy is to do or promote something voluntarily by an individual or by any group for the good of the society which in turn improve the quality of life of all citizens or residents(Ehrlich, 2013). So the concept of philanthropy has three (3) main points Love for Humanity / Mankind Promoting the common good Improving the quality of life. These are certainly very noble and intellectual concept for any individual or any group / organization. To materialise this grand concept, resources (especially money, manpower etc.) is required to make a significant impact. Very few individual can afford to deploy that resource. But organisations like corporate business houses have that ability to deploy that resource for common good. Corporate philanthropy now a day refers to generous use of finance, employee time, facilities etc. etc. to help others in the community for upgrading their quality life(Scott, 2012). At present many organisations / companies of several countries are doing / adopting this corporate philanthropy which in turn increases the value of the company. In recent years widespread use of social media by the businesses and consumers has created a level of transparency and consumers have become more interested in companys values and corporate responsibility. This has a tremendous impact in public relation standpoint especially in the bottom line. Even in some cases consumers are choosing their required product or service based on these company reputations(Okp, 2013). Starting from CEO to the bottom line employee of the organisation can be engaged in promoting the corporate philanthropy programme through their voluntary participation, through one time or regular donations and liability sharing with their social network. The first and foremost requirement of success of this program is to consider it as a long term phenomenon rather that of short term. To make this corporate philanthropy programme a success the company should align this programme perfectly with the companys business goal and culture(Triplepundit, 2015). Discussion: The practical aspect: So long, through the above discussion we got an idea about the Corporate Philanthropy programme. As the business entities are doing business in the society, they have certain social responsibilities to undertake for the betterment of the community. This in short, called Corporate Philanthropy (CP) or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Humanrights, 2012). Under this programme the corporate houses can take up different fields to work as per the need of the locality / Country / Humanity at large. Some of these fields are as follows Rural Development. Education Ethnicity Health Livelihoods Environment Sports Most of the leading and renowned corporate houses of the world adopt this programme generously. This work can be done directly by the company or they can get this work done by deploying some social volunteers. The following example will give an idea about how effectively this programme works for the society(Cantrell, 2005). Google China had initiated a camp to encourage social innovation for the college students from 2008, which is a nationwide competition that aims to empower the young generation of china to become agents of social change. They asked fund viable project ideas for social welfare and community development. This will impart gradually the idea in the chinas youth / future generation, about the value of social responsibility the importance of community welfare and self empowerment. The social issues addressed ware education, poverty reduction, disability aid, health care, art culture, woman children welfare, community developments etc. Through evaluation of these projects, its mentorship and funding Google made true social innovation in China(gong1chuang1, 2014). In the year 2008 this Social Innovation Cup competition started by Google. In that year they received 6000 applications from 755 colleges among them 1245 proposals of 375 colleges entered into semi-final. Of them 124 projects entered into final and finally 32 projects ware selected for award ranging from US$ 1460 to US$ 11,700. Likewise in 2009 the same competition was conducted by Google, 6252 applications from 766 colleges ware received among them 1181 proposals of 377 colleges entered into semi-final. Of them 29 projects ware selected as winning projects who received Googles fund to run their projects in summer 2009(McGann, 2014). Similarly in 2010 and 2011, 28 and 40 projects ware finally selected to run their projects with Googles fund. Another reputed company of US, Exxon Mobile Corporation also involve them in the Corporate Philanthropy programme. They took initiative in improving the education Science and Technology, helping woman of the developing country to achieve their economic goal. The company gives financial support to several institutions that conduct research on climate change and support programmes to prevent Malaria and AIDS(Exxonmobil, 2016). There are another two giant Indian multinational groups of India, Tata Group of companies and Aditya Birla group of Companies who take part extensively in this programme. Their work is really praiseworthy and through implementation of this plan they contributed towards nation building. They spend very good amount of money in the following programmes Education Known concept of formal and non-formal education for adults Scholarship for girls, merit scholarship, Technical education for boys Girl child education Computer education Rural Development Schools in villages Roads, bridges, culverts, drains, rural electrifications, Community centres Irrigation and water storage infrastructure Home for Homeless Health care and Family Welfare Health care centres and hospitals Pulse polio vaccination programme Mobile Clinics HIV / AIDS, Cancer, TB awareness and prevention camps Safe drinking water projects(Manoj, 2013). Sustainable livelihood Self help groups (microfinance for woman and farmers) Integrated agriculture development Integrated livestock development Skill development / vocational training in collaboration with ITIs Sports Organising sports tournament and coaching camps for community Promoting adventure sports Setting up and running academies and sports training centres Offering scholarships and sports equipments to deserving sportspersons Ethnicity Supporting research on anthropological and ethnic issues Preserving and promoting tribal languages, scripts and literature Preserving and promoting fine arts and performing arts of tribals Environment Promoting renewable sources of energy Undertake forestation and plantation activity Water harvesting To get an idea about the activities of the Corporate Philanthropy (CP) programmes, these are the example of only four companies who adopted the programmes. Apart from these companies, most of the other companies of every country of the world have now done some activity for the betterment for the society of their locality of operation(Tata, 2015). Contradiction As per the article narrated by Michael E. Porter and mark R. Kramer, the latest trend of corporate philanthropy is declining as the expenditure in the same head is being reduced to 14.5% in respect of real dollars in 2001. It is due to the increasing demand of allocation of funds in the same head of corporate social responsibility as the companies are finding it difficult to meet the continuous pressure from the stakeholders for generating short term profit to meet their demand of more dividends. The latest trend of corporate philanthropy is called as strategic philanthropy although it had not proved to be effective as the issues is being put in less priority zone by the companies in recent years lacking proper real strategies and effective output of the same for the society. (Kramer, 2002) Conclusion: By now we got the elaborate idea about the Corporate Philanthropy and the activity usually do by the business houses to cover this programme. The above examples of Corporate Philanthropy (CP) or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reveilles that the companies operate in different parts of the world must take up some activity for the betterment of the people for improving their quality of living. ISO 26000 is the recognised international standard for CSR, so companies may adopt this for implementation. Corporate philanthropy is a form of self regulation integrated in business model of the company. Any business can monitor and ensure its active compliance with the ethical standards, national and international norms etc through this corporate philanthropy policy. Some companies design the implementation plan of CSR in such a way that it goes beyond statutory compliance. This may be beyond the interest of the firm but making something better for the society. These firms aim for the long term profits and shareholders trust through positive public relation and high ethical standards to reduce legal risk in business. Hence we can see that the company who adopt and implement the policy of corporate philanthropy has some long term gain in the business. They also have some obligation to uplift the living quality of the inhabitants of the locality. If every business house (corporate / public sector) adopt this policy and implement in small areas in the locality where they operate will bring some changes in the society. When we see the accumulated total change in the country level then we will find some significant change in the society in the quality living standard. Reference: Cantrell, J. (2005). On the motivations of corporate giving in Australia. Retrieved October 08, 2016, from Uow: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2095context=commpapers Ehrlich, E. (2013). What is Corporate Philanthropy? Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/09/defining-corporate-philanthropy/ Exxonmobil. (2016). ExxonMobil named best overall company in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/nigeria/news-releases/exxonmobil-named-best-overall-company-in-csr?parentId=b10f83cf-b48c-402a-8f0b-2b4bfcac141a gong1chuang1. (2014). Google China Social Innovation. Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://www.gong1chuang1.com/eng/homepage.php Humanrights. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/rights-and-freedoms/projects/corporate-social-responsibility Kramer, P. a. (2002, 10). The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy. Retrieved 10 08, 2016, from Havard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2002/12/the-competitive-advantage-of-corporate-philanthropy Manoj, W. (2013, November 18). CSR of Aditya Birla Group of Companies. Retrieved October 08, 2016, from slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/winzi/csr-of-aditya-birla-group-of-companies McGann, D. (2014). Google's CSR. Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://prezi.com/sa11nta7xyko/googles-csr/ Okp. (2013, March 08). A snapshot of Corporate Philanthropy in Australia. Retrieved October 08, 2016, from Okp: https://okp.com.au/corporate-philanthropy/australian-corporate-philanthropy-snapshot/ Scott, R. (2012, August 22). Corporate Philanthropy Definition - Volunteer and Fundraising Edition. Retrieved October 08, 2016, from causecast: https://www.causecast.com/blog/corporate-philanthropy-definition-volunteer-and-fundraising-edition Tata. (2015). Tata group: Committed to social responsibility. Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://www.tata.in/video/VideoPreview/Committed-to-sustainability Triplepundit. (2015). 5 Companies Doing Corporate Philanthropy Right. Retrieved October 01, 2016, from https://www.triplepundit.com/2015/03/5-companies-corporate-philanthropy-right/

Challenges of Accounting in Global Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Accounting in Global Organizations. Answer: Introduction The current study intends to deal with important issues in the area of accounting of multinational accounting systems. Essentially, MNCs function within specific contexts of different environmental variables in different locations other than their domestic nations. This current paper also attempts to present a critical appraisal of specific framework of accounting and the challenges that are encountered by transnational organizations in preparation, presentation, translation as well as analytical issues in the area of accounting with special orientation to the operations of IKEA Group, NESTLE and HSBC. Project Objective The objective of the current study is To critically analyse the accounting system of multinational corporations operating in complex as well as challenging environments in different parts of the world To analytically examine myriads of diverse challenges that essentially borders on the prevailing framework and accounting practices and multiplicity of the financial reports Project Scope The current study can help in appraising the overall structure of financial statements of transnational organizations with special reference to the operations of three multinational organization HSBC. Nestle and IKEA Group. In essence, this present study can help inj understanding the preparation, translation as well as analytical issues (Donohoe et al. 2014). In addition to this, this paper also helps in analysing different environ factors as well as accounting system that necessarily directs the operations of MNCs and form the basis of the preparation and presentation of financial statements. This also includes thorough study of the level of acceptance along with compliance level together with worldwide accounting standards since they affect the entire transnational operations (Weiss and Wilkinson 2014). Literature Review Accounting and System of Accounting of MNCs As rightly indicated by Bruckner et al. (2015), accounting can be considered as a language of business that can be recognized worldwide. Accounting hinges on its capability to recognize diverse measures as well as analyse financial as well as economic variables to allow informed judgement. In essence, accounting does not necessarily have territorial boundaries and thus it is utilized to communicate different actions, existence as well as evolution of financial positions along with financial performance of different economic entities. In particular, actions of MNCs are undertaken in diverse locations that is other than their home nations, and are thus exposed to environs of home nations. As correctly put forward by Bruckner et al. (2015), there are multi-faceted activities of multinational corporations that direct the way towards diverse actions replicated in the system of accounting. Foremost among the actions, are necessarily the actions and methods of pursuing different cross border quotations on different stock exchanges together with transnational financing. MNCs and the System Theory Weiss and Wilkinson (2014) defined accounting as a procedure of enumerating and recognizing different economic variables in individual businesses along with communicating specific information founded on these measurements to different users who have the need to arrive at informed judgments. Wood et al. (2014) opines that a particular system can be regarded as the composition of different components whilst process can be considered as an order of undertaking things. For instance, the books of original entries cannot be properly presented unless specific documents, for example, vouchers, receipts as well as cheque statements from different invoices are firstly attained. Therefore, ledger cannot be exposed without the books of original entries namely books of revenue, expends and many others. Donohoe et al. (2014) mentioned that a system mainly comprises of different component parts that can associate or function together in a manner that can differentiate the complete system from other systems. The system of accounting can be considered as an embodiment of specifically general payroll, purchases, sales, costing along with system of credit control. Interconnection along with interactions with different subsystems are known as interfaces. According to OLAMIDE and AJIBADE (2016), system notion of accounting as it associates to different multinational corporations is very vital as it strives to succeed in its prevailing environs. In particular, this depends on proper comprehension of economic, social as well as political systems and appropriate implementation of system of accounting to the financial declarations for all the prospective users. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAPs can be regarded as a collection of mechanisms that can be utilized to process, prepare and at the same time present public accounting information. GAAPs are necessarily for the most part very general in their methods since they have the need to be somewhat applicable to different types of industries. As rightly indicated by Becker-Ritterspach et al. (2016), GAAPs can be regarded to be principle based or founded on specific technical constraints. Owing to the fact that, in several instances, GAAPs are considered to be flexible and at the same time general, majority of the industries in the U.S or else in the U.K are anticipated to follow principles of GAAP in such nations. GAAP across various nations vary, however are founded on few basic norms of relevance, understandability, consistency as well as comparability. Consistency: Thorelli (2014) asserts that as per principle of consistency information need to be grouped and at the same time presented the same across different periods of time. According to Bulkot (2015), consistency calls for the need of proper enumeration and display of diverse financial effects such as transactions as well as other events undertaken in a consistent manner within each accounting period and in a consistent manner by different business entities (Leitoniene et al. 2015). Relevance Essentially, the principle of relevance recommends that information put forward in pecuniary declarations as well as other public statements need to be appropriate and aid users to analyse the declarations to make informed guesses as regards the upcoming state of the entity. the draft principle of Accounting Standard Board on the principle relevance mentions that financial information contained in the financial declarations is suitable to the user of the financial declarations in case if the information has the capability to influence decisions of different users by facilitating them analyse past, present or else future events or adapt otherwise correct their past analysis (Hakim 2015). The financial statements of MNCs, thus, need to contain information that is clearly relevant and at the same time useful to different users to arrive at informed judement. Nevertheless, this notion also presupposes different users that essentially cut across different national boundaries (Pavlovska and Kuzmina-Merlino 2015). Reliability As correctly put forward by Moolchandani (2016), reliability refers to the need of presenting the truth and the whole truth in the financial declarations. In addition to this, information need to be comprehensive as well as verifiable at the same time. As per the Accounting Standards Board, specific information presented in the financial pronouncements of the annual reports need to have the quality as well as the reliability at the time when it is necessarily free from different material errors. It can be based upon by all the users to reflect faithfully what it is essentially purports to present or could reasonably be anticipated to represent. Comparability Das and Das (2014) identifies the fact that there are two different facets comparability. In essence, this principle comprises of the capability of different users to carry out comparative study of the results of a particular entity over a certain period of time along with the outcomes of different entities. However, the GAAP makes it certain that all the corporations whether MNCs or not MNCs stay on the same level and the information presented by these MNCs is consistently relevant, reliable and at the same time comparable (Attayah and Sweiti 2014). Challenges of accounting in HSBC Critical analysis of the annual reports of the firm reveals that Financial Statements as well as Notes thereon of HSBC, are prepared as well as presented in line with International Financial Reporting Standards as is authorized by the EU and operative for presentation of report of HSBC during the period 31st December 2005 (HSBC.com 2017). During the period July in the year 2005, HSBC declared 2004 Comparative Financial Information as per IFRS, succinctly presenting the major impacts of IFRSs on the economic information formerly reported with respect to the year 2004 and counting a reconciliation statement between data formerly reported during 2004 under the directive of UK GAAP as well as under IFRS. However, it can be hereby observed that of the opening balance sheet declaration of HSBC reported as on the period 1 January 2005 varies from the closing balance sheet statement reported as on 31 December 2004 since the former reveals first-time acceptance of particularly International A ccounting Standard of 32 as mentioned under Financial Instruments: Presentation of IAS 32. In addition to this, there has been acceptance of the directive as stipulated under the principle IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement as well as IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. Thus, the company has encountered certain issues while making the transitions to the IFRS during the initial period of adoption (HSBC.com 2017). Analysis of the reports of the firm HSBC reveals the fact that the company encounters serious issues in the internal control that has led to the failure of the firm to avert money laundering activities. This reflects the fact that distance also affects the organization and creates audit challenges as operations are not properly audited as frequently or else thoroughly as it should be. In addition to this, slow process of communication also affects the audit process and thereby the accounting system. Furthermore, a global organization such as HSBC also faces accounting problems owing to differences in political environ, gaps in the expectation, considerable financial reporting problem, ethical concerns and international convergence in foreign nations (HSBC.com 2017). Challenges of accounting in NESTLE Again, NESTLE is a Swiss multinational firm that primarily manufactures different nutritional food products, health associated consumer products as well as snack food. In particular, NESTLE has a very strong foothold in more than 86 nations, using 8 different business lines and possessing 447 factories (Nestle.com 2017). The accounting system in the multinational corporation NESTLE also needs to prepare consolidated financial statements that are in compliance with the International Financial Standards and are issued by the International Accounting Standards Boards together with the Swiss Law. Therefore, this creates certain issues in the process of accounting. Analysis of the reports of the corporation reveals that the functional currency of the groups entities is necessarily the currency of the primary economic environ. Essentially, in individual corporations, transactions in different foreign currencies are registered at the exchange rate recorded at the transaction date (Nestle.co m 2017). Again, monetary assets as well as liabilities in different foreign currencies are necessarily translated at different rates recorded at year end. However, any resulting differences in exchange are taken into account in the income statement, except at the time diverse deferred in different other comprehensive declarations of income as qualifying hedges of cash flow. Essentially, on consolidation, both the assets as well as liabilities of different foreign functionalities are also translated particularly into Swiss Francs that is the Groups presentation currency at the rate of exchange at specifically the year end. Also, income as well as expends also get translated into Swiss Francs essentially at the annual weighted average exchange rate or else at the rate decided on the transaction date for key items (Nestle.com 2017). Nevertheless, differences stem from different retranslation of opening net assets of different foreign functionalities, along with the differences stemming from the translation of diverse net results for the year of foreign operations, are also recognized in diverse other comprehensive income. In this case, it can be hereby mentioned that the management of the company faces accounting challenges in restating both balance sheet as well as net results of diverse subsidiaries functioning in diverse hyperinflationary economies. This are alterations in the general buying power of the regional currency, utilizing diverse official indices at particularly the balance sheet date, afore translation into particularly Swiss Francs (Nestle.com 2017). This, consequently are again mentioned in terms of measuring specific unit currency at the date of balance sheet. In essence, at the time when there exist a change of control in a foreign operation, exchange differences that were previously registered in equity are recorded in the income declaration primarily as a part of profit or else loss of the company on disposal. In addition to this, the global organization Nestle also faces accounting issues owing to alterations in the accounting standards. There are several changes in accounting standards that might perhaps affect the entire group on and after the period 31 December 2016 (Nestle.com 2017). Challenges of accounting in IKEA Group IKEA Group stores are located in around 28 nations with 978 suppliers in approximately 50 nations. The company essentially takes around well planned worldwide manufacture as well as distribute products of IKEA in an effective and cost efficient manner (IKEA 2017). Maintenance of compliance to the global accounting standards also remains a matter of concern for the accounting system of the company. Analysis of the report of the business firm IKEA Group also reveals the fact that the company is primarily based in Netherland and thus reports pecuniary declarations in Euro. This implies that all the different figures presented in the local currency for more than 43 nations in which the company functions have to be translated into the Euro and thereafter accumulated. Again, as there is volatility in the rate of exchange and the fluctuations in the currency, the multinational organization IKEA too faces the issue of currency effects at the time of carrying out the translations (IKEA 2017). Therefore, in a bid to reflect the underlying trend at the time of carrying out the adjustments for this effects, the management of the IKEA Group also communicates different currency related adjusted developments. Thus, carrying out the currency related adjustments creates accounting issues in the organization. For example, during the financial year 2015, currency adjusted developments in sales that is the sales growth of the company was recorded to be 8.9%, whilst straight conversion into the companys primary currency of Euro reflected a sales increase of around 11.2% (IKEA 2017). In addition to this, management of the firm also faces issues in incorporating the changes brought about by changes in the government policies as well as regulations that counts the monetary as well as interest rate along with other policies of respective Central Banks of different nations (IKEA 2017). Furthermore, multinational corporations also encounter challenges in assimilating general economic conditions in diverse markets in which companies function such as alterations in foreign rate of exchange, in both the rate of exchange in markets, government established rate of exchange, volatility in rate of interest as well as equity market. Apart from this, there also remains problems related to incorporation and adoption of the global standards in accounting practices and carrying out frequent audits in distant locations (IKEA 2017). Conclusion The current study emphasizes on evaluating the structure of financial declarations of three different multinational corporations, process of preparation along with analytical issues. Essentially, this has been attained by examination of different environmental factors, system of accounting that eventually can guide the operations of MNCs and develop a foundation of the accounting system. As multinationals undertake business in diverse locations other than their home base nations, a common platform for these organizations is necessary. However, several challenges are present there. However, problems are mainly encountered in following a principle based structure and enforcement of a general worldwide system of accounting. References Attayah, O.F. and Sweiti, I.M., 2014. Impact of ERP System Using on the Accounting Information Relevance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia.GSTF Business Review (GBR),3(2), p.1. Becker-Ritterspach, F., Lange, K. and Lohr, K., 2016. Reorganization in MNCs.Challenges for European Management in a Global Context: Experiences From Britain and Germany, p.68. Bruckner, M., Fischer, G., Tramberend, S. and Giljum, S., 2015. Measuring telecouplings in the global land system: a review and comparative evaluation of land footprint accounting methods.Ecological Economics,114, pp.11-21. Bulkot, O., 2015. Modern System of International Financial Management in Multinational Companies. -, (1-2 (2)), pp.8-11. Das, M.D. and Das, P.P., 2014. Harmonization of accounting standards: a study with special reference to indian and international accounting standards. Donohoe, M.P., McGill, G.A. and Outslay, E., 2014. Back to the drawing board: The structural and accounting consequences of a switch to a territorial tax system. Hakim, M.A., 2015. Accounting Information Systems and Bank Services: A Study on Their Relationships.Asian Accounting Auditing Advancement. HSBC.com. 2017. HSBC Group corporate website | HSBC Holdings plc. [online] Available at: https://www.hsbc.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. IKEA. 2017. IKEA.com - International homepage. [online] Available at: https://www.ikea.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Leitoniene, S., Sapkauskiene, A. and Dagiliene, L., 2015. Theoretical issues and practical implications of corporate social accounting and reporting in Lithuania.Procedia Economics and Finance,32, pp.1713-1723. Moolchandani, P., 2016. International Accounting Harmonization.Browser Download This Paper. Nestle.com. 2017. Available at: https://www.nestle.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. OLAMIDE, J.O. and AJIBADE, A.T., 2016. EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.EVOLUTION,2(8). Pavlovska, O. and Kuzmina-Merlino, I., 2015. FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF CONTROLLING IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS.Journal of Business Management, (10). Thorelli, H.B., 2014. Management audit and social indicators: the MNC through the glasses of the LDC.International Accounting and Transnational Decisions,1, p.293. Weiss, T.G. and Wilkinson, R., 2014. Rethinking global governance? Complexity, authority, power, change.International Studies Quarterly,58(1), pp.207-215. Weiss, T.G. and Wilkinson, R., 2014. Rethinking global governance? Complexity, authority, power, change.International Studies Quarterly,58(1), pp.207-215. Wood, R., Stadler, K., Bulavskaya, T., Lutter, S., Giljum, S., de Koning, A., Kuenen, J., Schtz, H., Acosta-Fernndez, J., Usubiaga, A. and Simas, M., 2014. Global sustainability accountingdeveloping EXIOBASE for multi-regional footprint analysis.Sustainability,7(1), pp.138-163.

Amnesia Essays - Cognitive Science, Memory, Neuropsychology

Amnesia Our brains are constantly at work processing and retrieving information. However, we become frustrated when we cannot readily retrieve information that we have stored in our brains. The inability to remember can occur for a number of reasons that range from simple forgetting to phenomena like Infantile Amnesia. Infantile Amnesia is described as an adult`s inability to remember events before the age of two or three. This phenomena has proven difficult to test because your memory is in a constant state of reconstruction, (Rupp, 1998, p. 171). That is your memories are influenced by past events, and current perceptions about yourself. Therefore, you may remember events only in a way that it is congruent with your current perceptions of yourself, and current relationships. Rupp illustrated this: Grown children who clash with their parents may find memories of childhood plastered over with new impressions the past becomes gloomier and more dismal; recollections of past injustices loom large. (Rupp, 1998, p.172) Hindsight bias is also a factor in both adult and childhood memories. Hindsight bias occurs when our memory of how certain we were about the accuracy of an event is altered. If an event is recounted that is similar to the memory that we have we tend to become more confident remembering events in a much more positive light. If our memory is found to be false, we quickly remember ourselves as being cautiously doubtful about the event in the first place. Therefore, it is clear that our memories are quite susceptible to error. Sigmund Freud, father of the psychoanalytic school of thought had a different interpretation. Freud contended that it was necessary to repress early childhood memories. This necessity stemmed out of the need to repress anxiety-producing sexual and aggressive memories related to a child`s parent or parents. Freud thought that repression of these memories was essential to developing a healthy sex life as an adult. Though Freud`s theories are widely accepted increasingly, contemporary psychologists are veering away from this theory. Memory is defined as the process by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved. This process is central to learning and thinking. There are three types of memory storage systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the initial storage of information that may last for only an instant. Short-term memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds. Long-term memory occurs when we store information permanently. Therefore, many of our memories about our childhood are stored there. It is not that newborns are incapable of remembering things but the way that they remember. The brains of newborns are, predisposed to retain certain kinds of information often information related to survival and mastering the environment. (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). In addition, babies are only able to store fewer pieces of information about events and experiences. At this early stage in life, they are unable to organize and store information in a manner that would allow them to retrieve it readily later in life. Piaget believed that, babies memories are sensory motor in nature not true representations. (Sroufe, Cooper and Dehart, 1996). Psychologists have continually tried to find methods to understand the phenomena of infantile amnesia. Studies have been conducted using the birth of a sibling as a reference point for discerning exactly what people can remember from that period. College students and children aged four, six, eight and twelve were asked to recall the birth of a sibling when they were between the ages three and eleven. Researchers asked question like Who took care of you while your mother was in the hospital? Did the baby receive presents? Did you receive presents? Then their mothers were asked the same questions. The study found that children who were under the age of three at the time of the birth remember virtually nothing. The inability to remember events in early childhood is not necessarily a bad thing. Actually, it may be useful particularly for people who have suffered severe trauma during their childhood. It prevents them from reliving these traumatic events, and causing undue anxiety that may impair their adult lives. While I am not in complete agreement with Freud theory on infantile amnesia, I believe that it may serve its own purpose. Bibliography Baddeley, A. (1993). Your Memory, A User`s Guide. United Kingdom: Prion Myers, R. (1994). Exploring Social Psychology. United States of America: McGraw-Hill Rupp, R. (1998). How We Remember and Why We Forget. New York: Three Rivers Press Sroufe, Cooper & Dehart (1996). Child Development: Its Nature and Course. New York: McGraw-Hill

Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Essays

Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Essays Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Paper Electric Guitar vs. Acoustic Guitar Essay Paper Acoustic guitar is type of guitar that uses acoustic method in projecting its sound. This sort of guitar is hollow and has a sound hole on its surface and largely they have six strings. They were most common in common people dances and laid-back vocals but their use has of tardily extended to blues and state music. Acoustic guitars are different from electric guitars in that the latter has more whistlings and bells than the former. In electric guitar. an amplifier is needed to project its sound whereas in acoustic guitars. merely a sound hole is needed in other words ; electric guitar requires electric power to play while acoustic guitar merely requires a sound hole. How do the two types of guitars compare and differ? This is what this research paper will chiefly concentrate on. Electric guitars harmonizing to Waring ( 2001 ; 112 ) were originally used in playing stone music but the first one to be used was in 1930 by a wind guitar player. Unlike in other merchandises where it is clear who invented them. in musical instruments is a bit different because it is non known who invented many of them but there are those who claim to be the one like Gibson who claims to hold invented an electric guitar. Most acoustic guitars have six strings but an electric 1 could hold even 12 strings. Unlike in an electric guitar where pickups that are connected to an amplifier are used to project the sound. it is different when it comes to acoustic guitar as where it the sound hole that is used to project the sound. Contrary to the electric guitar. ( Roth Arlen. 2002 ; 78 ) acoustic guitar is more complex both in its expression and in playing but one time you get used. it becomes an easy and gratifying thing. An electric guitar requires pickups to change over quivers that are made by the chords into an electric current. One of the advantages of utilizing this type of guitar is that the musical signals that are produced when one plays it could be altered electronically with some guitar effects such as deformation and reverb to accommodate your demands unlike in acoustic guitar where you have no pick apart from basking the preset sound which can non be altered electronically. ( Roth Arlen. 2002 ; 90 ) Whenever one intends to purchase a guitar. there are assorted factors that one should see but the most of import of these factors is whether you would be comfy with the sort of guitar you are meaning to purchase and the sort of music you want to play. The two types of guitars are used for playing music and are played with custodies nevertheless they differ in assorted ways. An electric guitar is much easier to play than acoustic and this is due to the manner it is designed. Electric guitar has strings that are near the stews thereby doing it easier to force the strings down without striving piece in acoustic guitar. you have to force the wires harder to the sound hole so that the produced sound would be amplified by the resonating chamber. In electric guitar there are pickups and an amplifier whose work is to better the quality of sound. ( Millard A. J. 2002 ) When it comes to comparing the size of the two guitars harmonizing to String Letter Publishing. ( 2000. 52 ) decidedly one finds that an electric guitar is smaller than acoustic guitar. This is because the latter requires heavier gauge strings that are used in doing quivers from its wooden top whereas an electric guitar has thinner wires and does non necessitate a broad top to do quivers as there are pickups that take the sound to the amplifier. The cervix of an electric guitar is besides thinner than that of the acoustic and for this ground. it is much easier to play an electric guitar because its design allows one to wrap custodies around it and allows one to place fingers in a manner that facilitates playing. Again when it comes to playing. one finds that an electric guitar is much easier toplay that the other 1. This is because the thin wires of an electric guitar do non necessitate to be pushed down harder than in acoustic guitar evidently novitiates who play acoustic guitar find themselves acquiring sores on their fingers unlike in electric 1s. An electric guitar could be played in different positions because you can keep it in many ways provided you are comfy but in acoustic you have no picks because the guitar is large. heavy and its high-strung organic structure makes it uncomfortable to play. When it comes to the monetary value of purchasing these guitars. their monetary value greatly differ in that an electric guitar costs twice the sum that acoustic guitar costs. The large difference in monetary value is because an electric guitar requires other appliances such as pickups. buttons and an amplifier that needs an excess sum of money but an acoustic guitar does non necessitate them. Therefore. if you don’t have a batch of money and you still want to play some music on your guitar so acoustic guitar is the best. ( Arlen R. . 2002. 98 ) Apart organize the monetary value. there are those who find electronic guitar to be confounding than acoustic guitar. They say that in the former you have to get the hang how to play its many buttons and bosss but the good thing about it is that you can non acquire sores on your fingers. Harmonizing to Cross ( 2008 ) . the two guitars play different functions in music because an electric guitar is largely used to play chords and guitar leads while acoustic guitar is used in thruming musical chords to many vocals. When people are make up ones minding what sort of a guitar they should purchase. they should non be guided by the form of the guitar but by the type of music that one intends to play for illustration. if you want to play stone music so the best pick is an electric guitar but if you want to thrum your favourite vocal you can travel for the acoustic guitar. ( Millard A. J. 2004. 34-38 ) Both the guitars are portable but one is more dependable than the other. If you want to travel bivouacing so acoustic guitar is the guitar you need. This is because an electric guitar requires electric power to play it but the other one don’t. You can merely transport your electric guitar if an lone if you are certain where you are traveling there is electric power because its amplifier can non work if there is no power. Another country where the two differ as per Roth Arlen ( 2002 ) is when it comes to the quality of the sound produced. Electric guitar produces better sound than acoustic. This is because electric guitars have adjustable pedals. cringle Stationss and buttons that improve the quality of the sound produced. Another good thing about this guitar is that you can maintain up with the times without purchasing a new guitar because its appliances can be replaced with more sophisticated 1s. ( Stringing Letter Publishing. 2000. 59 ) Acoustic merely like eclectic guitars come in different designs for illustration there are steel strings. classical guitar which has nylon strings and the lap steel guitar and in electric 1s we have acoustic electric that is modified with pickups alternatively of utilizing an excess mike. excavate bodied. solid bodied and another 1 with a metal organic structure. The two guitars have more differences than what they have in common. We have seen that an electric guitar is better than the other one but one should non be misled by the expressions of the guitar in fact it is the type of music you want to play and the ground for playing it should be the usher on the sort of guitar you need for illustration. if you want to entertain many people so an electric guitar is the best. An electric guitar is smaller than acoustic guitar but the latter is more portable than an electric guitar because it does non necessitate any electrical power. Plants Cited. Cross Dan. Electric vs. Acoustic Guitar. 2008. Accessed online at hypertext transfer protocol: //guitar. about. com/od/commonbeginnerquestions/a/rec_guitars. htm Millard A. J. The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon. JHU Press. 2004. Roth Arlen. Complete Acoustic Guitar: Complete Acoustic Guitar. Music Gross saless Group. 2002 Stringing Letter Publishing. Acoustic Guitar Owner’s Manual: The Complete Guide. Hal Leonard. 2000 Waring D. and Thomas D. R. Make Your Own Electric Guitar and Bass. Sterling Printing Company. 2001

Evolution Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution - Lab Report Example The major tool used in this biological experiment was a specially programmed computer application (automated) that enables adjustment of variables from default figures and when run, accurate results on the changes that has occurred in the biological structures of living organisms were shown. These results are therefore used to justify the hypothesis. In the first experiment, when the independent variable (precipitation) is adjusted to higher levels, the birds evolve smaller beaks. This is because when precipitation is high then the seeds become softer and the birds slowly adjust to the changes of nature until the fully adapt. On the other hand when precipitation is low, the seeds become harder and the need for additional force to crack the seeds arise and based similar principle; the birds evolve stronger and larger beaks over time (Sober, 2008). This adjustment may not favor some birds as the adaptation and evolution process is gradual and therefore may lead to death of individuals that are unable to adjust effectively to the changes of nature. Natural selection can influence variation of a trait in a population in three major forms namely; diversifying, directional and stabilizing forms (Sober, 2008). In the second experiment, it is clearly evident that changes in the environmental conditions favors the individuals with specific phenotypes. When important parameters that influence natural selection such as precipitation is manipulated (adjusted to 50cm/year and 0cm/year on Wallace Island and Darwin Island respectively), it is noted with great significance that only a few individuals are able to survive and continue reproducing in an environment with low precipitation. This is because of the variation in biological and environmental factors that are very significant for natural selection. Therefore for a period of 300 years, these changes will influence the evolution of Finch beaks and in turn affect their population. This fact can be justified by the graphs